Such a crane is a hoist that consists of a vertical pole that is fixed and forms the support point for the horizontal beam that serves as a lever. Sometimes the lever hangs from a chain, allowing it to be turned and swiveled.
The load is connected to the lever by means of a rope, chain or something similar. Balance cranes were to be found in ports to load and unload ships, on construction sites, in quarries...
Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, arts et métiers van Diderot en d’Alembert, 3rd quarter of the 18th century - MOT Collection
The balance crane in action during the Atelier Levers