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??? What are these question marks doing here? These represent tools which we know by a Dutch or French name, but who's English name is yet unknown. Suggestions are always welcome!

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Marking adze
This marking adze is an axe (1) with hammer - to be distinguished from the marking hammer of a lumberman - bearing the stamp of the owner of the forest or of the timber merchant. The forest ranger in particular uses this hand tool to mark trees (2). On the base or at about 1.20 m, a piece of bark is cut away with the ax and the stamp is struck on the white spot. Felled trees are marked on the cross-section, the ax is then useless. Conversely, sometimes only a strip of bark is cut off and then the stamp is not used; in the latter case, any ax can be used. [MOT] (1) Marking adze or marking axe. Both names are given synonymously for marking hammer (SALAMAN: 229). (2) The percussion stamp is rarely used for this (see, however, CHERBLANC who speaks of a broche à timbrer).
Marking gauge
The marking gauge (1) is to be distinguished from the cutting gauge and the scratch stock. More technical information on the dutch version of this page. [MOT] (1) ODATE: 26 translates the Japanse double marking gauge in "sickle gauge".
Marking hammer (lumberman)
Lumberman's hammer bearing the stamp of the owner of the forest or of the timber merchant, serving to mark felled trees on the cross-section. The hammer may have a stamp on one or both sides, or there may be a metal wheel on the handle bearing several letters or numbers so that a combination can be stamped. The stamp hammer can be distinguished from the marking adze, as it has no axe. See also the marking hammer of a tanner and the striking punch. [MOT]
Marking hammer (tanner)
Wooden hammer with a metal plate on the track, on which a pattern of small nails is attached; those nails can form letters or a figure. The tanner marks the skins with the stamp hammer: when beating the nails, they make holes in the animal skin. See also the marking hammer of a lumberman. [MOT]
Marlingspike / Fid
This text about the marlingspike (1) can only be consulted in Dutch. (1) Marlingspike applies to the metal model; fid applies to the wooden model.
Marzipan mould
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/marzipan-mould?lang=nl>
Mash hammer
Steel hammer (approx. 1-2 kg) with two square, flat tracks, usually chamfered at the corners, and a short (approx. 20 cm) handle. The bricklayer uses the mash hammer for demolition work. In doing so, he hits the pinch bar with the hammer. Distinguished from the club hammer which is heavier and has a longer handle. [MOT
Mason's brick chisel
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mason-s-brick-chisel?lang=nl>
Mason's line
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/masons-line?lang=nl>
Mason's pick
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/masons-pick?lang=nl>
Mason's trowel
Hand tool for mixing, shoveling and spreading mortar over stones, walls, floors, ceilings, etc. It is also used to chop off stones and to collect the falling mortar during grouting. It consists of a rounded or pointed metal blade attached to a short straight handle with a bent stem. The blade is usually quite large (approx. 16-19 cm / 10-15 cm), in contrast to the blade of the plasterer's trowel. [MOT]
Masonry drill
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/masonry-drill?lang=nl>
Masonry shovel
Slightly concave shovel with straight cut, made of sheet steel. Usually there is no handle on the stem, but a T-handle also occurs. The sand shovel serves to move sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc. The archaeologist uses the sand shovel to scrape off very thin layers of soil to make the traces visible. See also the shovel. [MOT]
Masticator
For those who have difficulty chewing, they have devised tongs that divide the meat into small pieces. The jaws of the masticator consist of three rods, which fit between each other. Two or three teeth prevent the chewed piece from slipping. A spring ensures the automatic opening of the hand tool. The rotating spindle can be removed to clean the pliers. [MOT]
Match striker
Stone pot (approx. 10 cm in diameter; approx. 10 cm high) in the shape of a truncated cone or sphere (approx. 7 cm in diameter), with a horizontally ribbed or rough outside along which a match is struck to make it catch fire (1). At the top of the pot there is a cavity in which the matches are placed upright. A saucer (approx. 13 cm in diameter) has been placed under the convex ironing pot to place the burnt matches on. [MOT] (1) That only works with old matches; today's safety matches will not catch fire if they are stroked over the ribs.
Mayonnaise whipper
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/624?lang=nl>
Measuring cup
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/measuring-cup?lang=nl>
Measuring spoon
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/measuring-spoon?lang=nl>
Meat grinder
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/meat-grinder?lang=nl>
Meat pounder
Kitchen utensil used to finely and tenderly beat fairly tough meat. It can be made entirely of wood and then resembles the laundry beater and the cork driver. It can also be metal; this heavier model (approx. 700-1200 gr) has a square blade that is flat at the bottom and has two sharp edges for trimming the meat after crushing. It can be made entirely of metal or stick in a wooden handle. See also the meat tenderizer and steak greith. [MOT]
Meat press
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/meat-press?lang=nl>
Meat tenderizer
To tenderize meat, one can use a meat pounder or a meat tenderizer. The latter is a wooden hammer - porcelain or aluminum is sometimes used - with a cylindrical or rectangular head with solid, pyramid-shaped buttons on both sides. There are often larger buttons on one side than on the other; for thick and thin cuts of meat respectively. These buttons can be cut from the wooden head, but this can also be a stainless steel plate with buttons attached to the face. The head of the meat mallet can also have an axe, ice pick (1) or steak greith (2) on one side. Another model has a handle on top instead of a hammer handle. [MOT] (1) See ''The Stanley Catalog Collection 1855-1898'': 64, 241. (2) CAMPBELL: 87.
Meatball tongs
This text can only be consulted in Dutch. [MOT]
Melting ladle
A melting ladle is a small metal or porcelain fireproof spoon (approx. 15 cm long) with a pouring spout, which jewelers like the goldsmith or silversmith use to melt wax. The wax makes a positive model that - once solidified - will be used to make a negative cast; the again positive casting in this mold will show the original model in every detail. See also the melting pot. [MOT]
Melting pot
A melting pot or crucible is a container in which metal is melted for soldering or casting. To take it out of the fire, you use crucible tongs. In finer professions with small amounts of metal, such as the goldsmith and prosthetist, it is a small metal fireproof bowl (approx. 4-7 cm diameter) with or without legs, possibly with a handle and a pouring spout. Jewelers use a melting ladle to melt wax. In metal foundries, larger models of crucibles with a handle up to 1.5 meters or models without a handle are used, which are placed in a large foundry ladle and held by two people. [MOT]
Metal modelling tool
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/metal-modelling-tool?lang=nl>
Metal saw
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/metal-saw?lang=nl>
Milk skimmer
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/milk-skimmer?lang=nl>
Millstone pick
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/millstone-pick?lang=nl>
Mincing knife
This text can only be consulted in Dutch.
Miner's axe
The mine timberer works all the mine wood with his axe. It is a hand tool of approx. 1 - 1.2 kg with usually a curved handle (approx. 40 cm), the edge of which (approx. 6 cm; the riveted iron is wider: approx. 9 cm) diagonally opposite the stem. The iron is made of one or two pieces. In the first case it is asymmetrical at the top and sometimes ends opposite the blade in a square hammer. In the other case, a rectangular blade is riveted to a U-shaped piece. The latter serves as an eye. [MOT]
Miner's saw
Although the miner's axe is mainly used for sheeting the mine galleries, a saw is sometimes used for this. It is a folding saw with a rigid, rounded blade (approx. 35-45 / 4-5 cm). This blade is attached to a straight handle of the same length by means of a spindle. The teeth enter the groove of the handle for transport. Sometimes, however, the blade is fixed. The handle is then shorter and the saw is carried in a wooden tube. [MOT]
Mitre plane
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mitre-plane?lang=nl>
Mitre saw
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mitre-saw?lang=nl>
Mitre shears
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mitre-shears?lang=nl>
Mop
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mop?lang=nl>
Mortar hoe
Mortise axe, double
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mortise-axe-double?lang=nl>
Mortise axe, single
Single mortise axe of a carpenter. For more information see the dutch version.
Mortise chisel
The mortise chisel is a wood chisel with one bevel and a neck. Its iron is thicker than it is wide and usually tapers a bit at the wooden handle so that it does not get stuck. There are different widths, about 0.1 to 2 cm. The carpenter uses the chisel to cut out pinholes. The narrowest chisel (1-3 mm) makes it possible to dig a groove or very narrow holes, for example for a hinge (to be inserted). He is hit with the hammer. The turner also uses a chisel, but without a neck, to make grooves. See also the hinge chisel. [MOT]
Moss scraper
Hand tool with a flat and slightly L-shaped blade (approx. 7 cm by 7 cm) with a pointed tip, which has a fold on the back and front, and which is fixed in a wooden or plastic handle. It is used in the garden to remove dirt and weeds between tiles and stones (see also this tool); it can be used by pulling and pushing. With the back of the blade you can also scrape off soil from shovels or spades. See also this hand hook. [MOT]
Mould board shovel
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mould-board-shovel?lang=nl>
Mould for cardboard boxes
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mould-for-cardboard-boxes?lang=nl>
Mould for roof tiles
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/1155?lang=nl>
Mould for tiles
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/1154?lang=nl>
Mould for ventilation tile / Mould for pigeon tile
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/1133?lang=nl>
Moulding plane
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/moulding-plane?lang=nl>
Moulding stamper
This text can only be consulted in DutchThe proper English name of this moulding tool is yet unknown.
Moulding trowel
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/moulding-trowel?lang=nl>
Mouth atomizer
This text can only be consulted in Dutch <https://www.mot.be/resource/Tool/mouth-atomizer?lang=nl>